今天 Terry 要來介紹 scratch 這個字,對於非英文母語人士來說,比較會有印像的是「Scratch」這一套高階的積木塊為基礎的視覺化程式設計平台。不過實際上它以各種詞性、多種意思活躍於日常生活的英文中。讓 Terry 帶您好好認識 scratch 的意思和用法哦。
scratch 怎麼說
KK 音標:/skrætʃ/
s
如 snake 的 s,發出 [s] 的聲音。cr
如 crisp 的 cr,發出 [kr] 的聲音。a
如 cat 的 a,發出 [æ] 的聲音。tch
如 catch 的 tch,發出 [tʃ] 的聲音。
把這些聲音組合起來,就是 scratch 的讀音,即 [skrætʃ]。
scratch 意思起源
scratch 這個字在英語中的起源可以追溯到古英語和中古英語時期。它的源頭可能來自古英語的 scracian
或者中古英語的 cracchen
,意為“抓”或“劃”。
scratch 在物理意義上最初是用來描述用爪子或者其他銳物劃痕的動作,例如動物抓擊或人用指甲抓擦表面。
隨著時間的推移,scratch 這個字的用法和含義已經擴展和演變。現在它不僅用於描述物理上的抓或劃,還有許多比喻的用法,如“從頭開始”(例如,建立一個公司 from scratch,意思是從無到有地創建)或作為形容詞描述某些湊合的或臨時的事物(如 scratch paper 指的是草稿紙,scratch team 指的是臨時組成的隊伍)。
此外,scratch 這個字在不同的語境和場合中還有其他特定的意義,如在運動中它可以指棄權,或在音樂中,DJ 進行刮盤(scratch)操作。
scratch 中文意思
scrath 這個字的中文意思相當地多,必須從句子的前、後文來看才能知道確切的意思。
- 及物動詞:
- 抓、搔
- 抓破、劃傷、劃破、抓傷
- 扒出、挖出(使用爪子或工具)
- 擦、刮
- 勾掉、刪去、取消
- 亂劃、潦草地塗寫
- 劃出、刮掉、劃掉、刻出
- (辛苦地)湊(錢)
- 不及物動詞:
- 抓、搔
- 作刮擦聲
- 退出比賽、未能踐約
- 勉強餬口
- 名詞:
- 刮痕、擦傷、抓痕
- 刮擦聲
- 亂塗;亂劃
- 零分【牌局】
- 起跑線
- 棄權者(競賽等的)
- 錢【美國俚語】
- 形容詞
- 偶然的、碰巧的
- 湊合的、匆匆組成的
- 打草稿用的
至少 4 種詞性共 22 種意思,本篇文章針對 scratch 每一種意思都有中文、英文雙語例句,幫助大家瞭解使用上的情境。
及物動詞 vt.
抓、搔
英文釋義:與不及物動詞的詞性相同。
例句:
-
我的手很癢,我不停地抓它。
My hand is itchy, and I can’t stop scratching it. -
狗在抓它的耳朵。
The dog is scratching its ear. -
當你的背很癢時,你可能需要某人幫忙抓一下。
When your back is itchy, you might need someone to scratch it for you. -
小貓用爪子抓沙發。
The kitten is scratching the sofa with its claws. -
她抓著門想打開它。
She scratched at the door trying to open it.
抓破、劃傷、劃破、抓傷
英文釋義:Scratch the surface of something
例句:
-
我不小心把手指劃破了。
I accidentally scratched my finger. -
貓把我的手臂抓傷了。
The cat scratched my arm. -
他把車門刮破了。
He scratched the car door. -
小心,不要把桌子劃傷。
Be careful not to scratch the table. -
鑰匙會把你的手機螢幕刮破。
Keys can scratch the screen of your phone.
扒出、挖出(使用爪子或工具)
英文釋義:A dog can scratch out a hole.
例句:
-
雞在泥土中扒出蟲來吃。
The chickens are scratching out worms from the mud to eat. -
狗在花園裡挖出一個洞。
The dog scratched out a hole in the garden. -
貓用爪子在沙盒中挖出一個洞。
The cat used its claws to scratch out a hole in the sandbox. -
他用鏟子扒出樹根。
He used a shovel to scratch out the tree roots. -
她用叉子把麵包屑扒出烤箱裡。
She scratched out the breadcrumbs from the oven with a fork.
擦、刮
英文釋義:Scratch a match.
例句:
-
他用硬幣刮刮樂卡上的銀色塗層。
He scratched off the silver coating on the scratch card with a coin. -
我用刀子刮窗戶上的油漆。
I used a knife to scratch the paint off the window. -
她用指甲擦黑板,發出刺耳的聲音。
She scratched the chalkboard with her fingernails, making a screeching sound. -
用鋼絲球擦鍋子,很容易把它們刮壞。
Scratching pots with a steel wool pad can easily ruin them. -
他刮掉彩票上的號碼以查看結果。
He scratched off the numbers on the lottery ticket to see the results.
勾掉、刪去、取消
英文釋義:Scratch off an item from a list or scratch a player from a game.
例句:
-
我完成這項任務,所以我把它從我的清單上勾掉了。
I completed the task, so I scratched it off my list. -
教練因故把他從隊伍中刪去。
The coach scratched him from the team for some reason. -
我們不得不取消今晚的計劃。
We had to scratch our plans for tonight. -
他從購物清單上勾掉了牛奶。
He scratched off milk from the shopping list. -
因為風暴,航班被取消了。
The flight was scratched due to the storm.
亂劃、潦草地塗寫
英文釋義:Scratch out a note.
例句:
-
她潦草地在紙上塗寫了幾個字。
She scratched a few words onto the paper haphazardly. -
他在筆記本上亂劃,顯得很無聊。
He scratched around in the notebook, seeming very bored. -
我在便利貼上潦草地塗寫了一個備忘錄。
I scratched a memo onto a sticky note. -
孩子們在牆上亂劃畫。
The children are scratching drawings on the wall. -
他潦草地在信封上寫地址。
He scratched the address onto the envelope.
劃出、刮掉、劃掉、刻出
英文釋義:Scratch a design into a surface.
例句:
-
他用刀在木頭上劃出一個形狀。
He scratched a shape into the wood with a knife. -
她用針在皮革上刻出她的名字。
She scratched her name into the leather with a needle. -
請用橡皮擦把錯誤的答案劃掉。
Please scratch out the wrong answer with an eraser. -
他在沙灘上劃出一顆心。
He scratched a heart in the sand. -
她刮掉了錯誤的筆記。
She scratched out the incorrect notes.
(辛苦地)湊(錢)
英文釋義:Scratch together some money.
例句:
-
他辛苦地湊錢買一輛新車。
He scratched together the money to buy a new car. -
我們正在湊錢為慈善機構捐款。
We are scratching together funds to donate to a charity. -
他設法湊夠了支付房租的錢。
He managed to scratch together enough money to pay the rent. -
他們努力湊錢開始他們的業務。
They struggled to scratch together money to start their business. -
父母為孩子的教育辛苦地湊錢。
Parents scratch together money for their children’s education.
通常使用 scratch + together
表達一起湊足金錢的意思。
不及物動詞 vi.
抓、搔
英文釋義:Similar to the transitive form.
例句:
-
他在床上不停地抓。
He scratches non-stop in bed. -
我的狗喜歡抓地板。
My dog loves to scratch on the floor. -
當她思考時,她經常抓頭。
She often scratches her head when she’s thinking. -
那隻鳥用腳在地上抓。
The bird scratches at the ground with its feet. -
我的貓喜歡在門上抓。
My cat likes to scratch on the door.
作刮擦聲
英文釋義:The cat’s claws made a scratching sound on the floor.
例句:
-
當風吹時,樹枝在窗戶上作刮擦聲。
The tree branches make a scratching sound on the window when the wind blows. -
那個老門在開關時總是作刮擦聲。
The old door always makes a scratching sound when it’s opened or closed. -
當她移動椅子時,它在地板上作刮擦聲。
It makes a scratching sound on the floor when she moves the chair. -
我能聽到黑板上粉筆的刮擦聲。
I can hear the scratching sound of chalk on the blackboard. -
狗的爪子在地板上作出刮擦聲。
The dog’s claws make a scratching sound on the floor.
退出比賽、未能踐約
英文釋義:He had to scratch from the race.
例句:
-
由於受傷,他不得不退出比賽。
Due to injury, he had to scratch from the competition. -
他們退出了籃球賽,因為沒有足夠的球員。
They had to scratch from the basketball game because they didn’t have enough players. -
由於財務問題,我們不得不退出這個項目。
We had to scratch from the project due to financial issues. -
由於缺乏支持,他退出了選舉。
He scratched from the election due to lack of support. -
她因生病而退出了舞蹈表演。
She had to scratch from the dance performance because she was sick.
勉強餬口
英文釋義:Scratch along or scratch a living.
例句:
-
他在城市裡勉強餬口,靠著幾份兼職工作。
He scratches along in the city, making ends meet with a few part-time jobs. -
很多人在經濟困難時勉強餬口。
Many people scratch along during economic hardships. -
他們勉強餬口,但仍然快樂。
They scratch along but are still happy. -
她在初創企業工作,只能勉強餬口。
She scratches along working at a startup. -
作為一名自由撰稿人,他勉強餬口。
He scratches along as a freelance writer.
名詞 n.
刮痕、擦傷、抓痕
英文釋義:There is a scratch on the table
例句:
-
我的桌子上有一個明顯的刮痕。
There’s a noticeable scratch on my table. -
我的手臂上有貓的抓痕。
There are cat scratches on my arm. -
這部車的門上有幾處擦傷。
There are a few scratches on the door of this car. -
我需要一些護膚品來治療這些刮痕。
I need some skincare products to treat these scratches. -
她不小心在眼鏡上留下了刮痕。
She accidentally left a scratch on her glasses.
刮擦聲
英文釋義:I heard a scratch at the door.
例句:
-
當他搬動桌子時,我聽到了刮擦聲。
I heard a scratch when he moved the table. -
筆在紙上寫字時會發出刮擦聲。
The pen makes a scratch as it writes on paper. -
風吹動樹枝,使其在窗戶上產生刮擦聲。
The wind makes the tree branches create a scratch on the window. -
她在黑板上寫字時發出了刺耳的刮擦聲。
She made an annoying scratch on the chalkboard as she was writing. -
當我拉開抽屜時,我聽到一個刮擦聲。
I heard a scratch when I pulled open the drawer.
亂塗;亂劃
英文釋義:Make a scratch on a piece of paper.
例句:
-
孩子們在牆上留下很多亂塗和亂劃。
The children left a lot of scribbles and scratches on the wall. -
我找不到筆記本上的信息,因為它全是亂塗和亂劃。
I can’t find the information on the notebook because it’s all scratches and scribbles. -
他的筆記充滿了亂塗和亂劃。
His notes are full of scratches and scribbles. -
她通常在電話通話時做些亂塗。
She usually makes scratches and scribbles when she’s on phone calls. -
我需要將這些亂塗轉換成有組織的筆記。
I need to turn these scratches into organized notes.
零分【牌局】
英文釋義:In cards, having a score of zero.
例句:
-
他的牌打得很差,結束時得到零分。
He played his cards poorly and ended up with a scratch, zero points. -
在這場牌局中,得到零分是非常罕見的。
It’s very rare to get a scratch, or zero points, in this card game. -
我們都沒打好,最後是零分。
We both played poorly and it was a scratch in the end. -
他得到零分,因此輸掉了這一局。
He got a scratch and lost the round. -
在橋牌遊戲中,得到零分被稱為"scratch"。
In the game of bridge, getting zero points is called a scratch.
起跑線
英文釋義:In racing, the starting line
例句:
-
所有選手都站在起跑線上準備開始比賽。
All the runners are standing at the scratch line, ready to start the race. -
起跑線是每場賽跑的開始點。
The scratch line is the starting point for every race. -
他站在起跑線上,全神貫注地準備開始。
He stands at the scratch line, fully focused and ready to start. -
起跑線上的選手正在做熱身運動。
The athletes on the scratch line are doing warm-up exercises. -
比賽將從這個起跑線開始。
The race will begin from this scratch line.
棄權者(競賽等的)
英文釋義:A player who withdraws from a competition
例句:
-
由於受傷,他成為比賽的棄權者。
Due to injury, he became a scratch in the competition. -
有幾個棄權者在今天的賽跑中。
There are several scratches in today’s race. -
棄權者名單已經公佈,包括一些頂級選手。
The list of scratches has been announced and includes some top athletes. -
由於健康問題,她是這場比賽的棄權者。
She is a scratch in this competition due to health issues. -
每場比賽都可能會有幾個棄權者。
There can be several scratches in any competition.
錢【美國俚語】
這個用法非常少用。
例句:
-
我沒有足夠的錢買午餐。
I don’t have enough scratch to buy lunch. -
他賺了很多錢,在城市過著奢華的生活。
He made a lot of scratch and is living a luxurious life in the city. -
你有沒有多餘的錢借我?
Do you have any extra scratch to lend me? -
我們需要更多的錢來資助這個項目。
We need more scratch to fund this project. -
他存了很多錢為退休做準備。
He saved a lot of scratch to prepare for retirement.
形容詞 adj.
偶然的、碰巧的
英文釋義:A scratch crew – a team put together in a hurry or at random.
例句:
-
這是一次碰巧的相遇,我們沒有計劃在這裡見面。
This is a scratch meeting, we did not plan to meet here. -
他碰巧在商店裡找到了他想要的書。
He found the book he wanted in the store by scratch. -
這是一次碰巧的勝利,我們沒有預料到。
This is a scratch win, we did not see it coming. -
我碰巧在舊書店找到了這本珍貴的書。
I found this precious book by scratch in an old bookstore. -
他是碰巧在路上撿到的錢包的主人。
He is the owner of the wallet that was found by scratch on the street.
湊合的、匆匆組成的
英文釋義:A scratch meal – something put together with whatever ingredients are available
例句:
-
他們組成了一支湊合的樂隊,以參加音樂節。
They put together a scratch band to participate in the music festival. -
我們用廚房裡的剩食湊合做了一頓晚餐。
We made a scratch dinner with leftovers from the kitchen. -
這是一個湊合的計劃,沒有很好的準備。
This is a scratch plan without good preparation. -
他們用隨手可得的材料湊合建造了一個小屋。
They built a hut with scratch materials available. -
在時間有限的情況下,他們湊合完成了任務。
They completed the task in a scratch manner with limited time.
打草稿用的
英文釋義:A scratch paper – paper used for informal or rough work
例句:
-
這本筆記本是用來打草稿的。
This notebook is for scratch use. -
他總是在打草稿用的紙上做數學運算。
He always does mathematical calculations on scratch paper. -
請在打草稿用的紙上書寫你的想法,然後再整理成最終版本。
Write down your thoughts on scratch paper and then organize them into a final version. -
我需要一些打草稿用的筆記本來記錄我的創意。
I need some scratch notebooks to record my creativity. -
這張打草稿用的紙上充滿了她的塗鴉和想法。
This piece of scratch paper is filled with her doodles and thoughts.
總結
Scratch 這個字在英語中具有多種含義和用法。它的起源可以追溯到古英語的 scracian,最初用於描述用爪子或其他銳物在表面上抓或劃的動作。
然而,隨著時間的推移,這個字的用法已經進行了顯著的擴展和演變。除了描述物理抓取或劃痕外,scratch 還用於形容從頭開始做某事,例如,從無到有地創建一個公司通常被描述為“from scratch”。此外,它也可以作為形容詞用來描述湊合的或臨時的事物,如“scratch paper”(草稿紙)或“scratch team”(臨時隊伍)。
在特定的語境中,scratch 還有其他含義,例如在運動中表示棄權,或在音樂中描述 DJ 的刮盤操作。scratch 這個字的多樣性使其在日常英語交流中成為一個非常有用和靈活的詞語,能夠在不同的情境和場合中表達各種不同的概念和行為,因此靈活熟練這個字是非常重要的喔。